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Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 81(5): 433-438, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830155

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Según la OMS, la obesidad en el mundo se ha duplicado. En Chile, 50% de las mujeres embarazadas tendrían sobrepeso u obesidad, lo que se asocia a condiciones de alto riesgo durante el embarazo. El creciente número de obesas en edad reproductiva y el bajo impacto de las medidas médicas para el control de peso, llevaron a considerar la cirugía bariátrica como opción terapéutica en el manejo de obesos refractarios a tratamiento convencional, mejorando las comorbilidades asociadas y calidad de vida. Diversos estudios retrospectivos han mostrado la eficacia de la cirugía bariátrica para disminuir complicaciones obstétricas asociadas a la obesidad, como diabetes gestacional e hipertensión. Sin embargo, existe información discordante con respecto a la cirugía bariátrica pre-concepcional y efectos adversos perinatales. Objetivo: Revisar y analizar la mejor evidencia disponible sobre la asociación entre cirugía bariátrica y resultados adversos perinatales. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en los motores TripDatabase, Pubmed y Cochrane. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión y se seleccionaron artículos de acuerdo a las palabras clave "pregnancy", "pregnancy outcome", y "bariatric surgery". Resultados: Las pacientes embarazadas sometidas a cirugía bariátrica presentan menor riesgo de tener hijos GEG y mayor riesgo de PEG. No se observaron diferencias respecto a óbito fetal y malformaciones. Conclusión: La evidencia encontrada (tipo IIb) orienta a que la cirugía bariátrica pre-concepcional se asocia a menor número de recién nacidos GEG y mayor número de PEG. Se requieren nuevos estudios que aporten un mayor nivel de evidencia y seguimientos a más largo plazo.


Background: According to the WHO, the prevalence of obesity has doubled worldwide. In Chile, 50% of pregnant women are overweight or obese. Obesity is associated to high risk pregnancies and higher C-section rates. The increasing number of obese women of reproductive age and the low impact of medical treatment for weight control have led to consider bariatric surgery as a therapeutic option after conventional treatment failure, improving quality of life and comorbidities. Several retrospective studies have shown the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in reducing obstetric complications associated to obesity, including gestational diabetes and hypertension. However, there is inconsistent evidence regarding pre-conceptional bariatric surgery and its relation to adverse neonatal outcomes. Objective: Review and analysis of the best available evidence relating to the association between bariatric surgery and adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: TripDatabase, Pubmed and Cochrane search engines were used to find and select articles for analysis according to stablished inclusion criteria. The search was performed using the following key words: "pregnancy", "pregnancy outcome" and "bariatric surgery". Two studies where selected. Results: Current evidence shows that pregnant patients with previous bariatric surgery had lower risk of LGA and increased risk of SGA babies. No differences were found in relation to stillbirth and congenital abnormalities. Conclusion: The evidence analyzed shows that pre-pregnancy bariatric surgery is associated to lower rate of LGA and higher rate of SGA newborns. The evidence found was level lib. New studies are needed to validate this results, with better levels of evidence and long-term follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Obesity/surgery , Pregnancy Outcome , Infant, Small for Gestational Age
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